Arbotect

Arbotect is a fungicide and parasiticide. Arbotect is also a chelating agent, which means that it is used medicinally to bind metals in cases of metal poisoning, such as lead poisoning, mercury poisoning or antimony poisoning. Arbotect is vermicidal and/or vermifugal against Ascaris lumbricoides ("common roundworm"), Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm), Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), Ancylostoma braziliense (dog and cat hookworm), Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati (ascarids), and Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). Arbotect also suppresses egg and/or larval production and may inhibit the subsequent development of those eggs or larvae which are passed in the feces.

TRIMETHYL BENZENE

This guideline summarizes pertinent information about trimethyl benzene for workers and employers as well as for physicians, industrial hygienists, and other occupational safety and health professionals who may need such information to conduct effective occupational safety and health programs. Recommendations may be superseded by new developments in these fields; readers are therefore advised to regard these recommendations as general guidelines and to determine whether new information is available.

Oryzalin

Oryzalin is a selective pre-emergence surface-applied herbicide used for control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in fruit trees, nut trees, vineyards, established bermuda grass turf, and established ornamentals. It inhibits the growth of germinating weed seeds by blocking cell division in the meristems. It is available in aqueous suspension, dry flowable, and wettable powder formulations.

MESUROL

Mesurol 75-W is a time tested insecticide/molluscicide for nursery and greenhouse ornamentals. Mesurol acts on contact providing effective control of western flower thrips and broad spectrum control of terrestrial slugs and snails. Activity is not affected by low temperatures or high moisture environments. Mesurol offers effective reliable long residual control.

Triforine

Triforine is a systemic fungicide used in home garden products for the control of black spot fungus, powdery mildew and rust on roses.

In Australia, triforine products have been available either as concentrates or ‘ready-to-use’ formulations. Concentrates typically have an alcohol solvent and are diluted in water just prior to spraying. Ready-to-use products had water as their solvent, having been diluted at the point of manufacture rather than just prior to spraying.

This review concerned water-based triforine products only. There are a number of alternative alcohol-based triforine products still available for use in the home garden. Consumers are advised to check the packaging. The red 'flammable' symbol on the container is an indication that the product is alcohol based.

Procymidone

Procymidone is a systemic fungicide used on lupins, grapes, stone fruit, strawberries and some vegetables. It is widely used in horticulture, either as a seed dressing, pre-harvest spray or post-harvest dip.

Polihexanide

Polihexanide is an antibacterial and algaecide. It is used in swimming pools and spas to control algae, as a disinfectant in veterinary products, and as a sanitiser for milk handling equipment.

PINDONE

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous in the environment; special attention should be given to birds and mammals. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be given to avoid any additional release, e.g. through inappropriate disposal.

Methyl parathion

Methyl parathion is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide used to control boll weevils and many biting or sucking insect pests of agricultural crops, primarily on cotton. It kills insects by contact, stomach and respiratory action. Methyl parathion is available in dust, emulsifiable concentrate, ULV liquid, and wettable powder formulations.

neomycin

NEOMYCIN is an antibiotic.It is used to reduce the risk of infection during surgery of the bowel.It is also used to reduce the symptoms of hepatc coma.Neomycin may also be used for purposes other than those listed here.

MONOCROTOPHOS

Monocrotophos is an organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide which works systemically and on contact. It is extremely toxic to birds and is used as a bird poison (6). It is also very poisonous to mammals. It is used to control a variety of sucking, chewing and boring insects and spider mites on cotton, sugarcane, peanuts, ornamentals, and tobacco (13,154). The EPA classifies monocrotophos as a class I toxicity - highly toxic. Products containing monocrotophos bear the Signal Word "Danger" (112). Monocrotophos is available in other countries as a soluble concentrate or an ultra-low volume spray (154).

Methyl bromide; Bromomethane

Methyl bromide is chiefly used as a gas soil fumigant against insects, termites, rodents, weeds, nematodes, and soil-borne diseases. It has been used to fumigate agricultural commodities, grain elevators, mills, ships, clothes, furniture, and greenhouses. About 70% of methyl bromide produced in the U.S. goes into pesticidal formulations.

Metham sodium

Metham sodium is a soil fumigant used as a pesticide, herbicide, and fungicide. It is one of the most widely used pesticides in the United States, with approximately 60 million pounds used in 2001.^[2] Metham sodium is the sodium salt of methyldithiocarbamate.

Metham sodium can be prepared from methylamine, carbon disulfide, and sodium hydroxide; or from methyl isothiocyanate and sodium thiolate.^[1]

Upon exposure to the environment, metham sodium decomposes to form methyl isothiocyanate.^[3]

METHAMIDOPHOS

Methamidophos is a highly active, systemic, residual organophosphate insecticide/acaricide/avicide with contact and stomach action. Its mode of action in insects and mammals is by decreasing the activity of an enzyme important for nervous system function called acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme is essential in the normal transmission of nerve impulses. Methamidophos is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (159). It is effective against chewing and sucking insects and is used to control aphids, flea beetles, worms, whiteflies, thrips, cabbage loopers, Colorado potato beetles, potato tubeworms, armyworms, mites, leafhoppers, and many others. Crop uses include broccoli, Brussel sprouts, cauliflower, grapes, celery, sugar beets, cotton, tobacco, and potatoes. It is used abroad for many vegetables, hops, corn, peaches, and other crops (138). Commercially available formulations include soluble concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, granules, ultra-low volume spray and water miscible spray concentrate (158). Generally, methamidophos is not considered phytotoxic if used as directed, but defoliation has occurred when applied as foliar spray to deciduous fruit. It is compatible with many other pesticides, but do not use with alkaline materials (158). Methamidophos is slightly corrosive to mild steel and copper alloys. This compound is highly toxic to mammals, birds, and bees. Do not graze treated areas, and be sure to wear protective clothing including respirator, chemical goggles, rubber gloves, and impervious protective clothing (156, 13).

Hormonal growth promotants

Hormones are substances produced in the body to stimulate many kinds of cells or tissues into a specific physiological response. They can also be synthetically produced in the laboratory.

Synthetically produced hormones are sometimes used to artificially enhance meat production (growth) in livestock. These hormones are known as hormonal growth promotants or ’HGPs'. They may be exact copies of natural substances normally produced in animals, or substances that mimic some of the actions of the natural hormones.

HGPs are used as quality enhancers to boost growth in some food animals. In many markets, eg, the USA and Australia, they are considered safe and are used extensively, but in the European Union they are banned. To protect the New Zealand meat trade to the EU their use is strictly controlled in New Zealand, so that meat from implanted animals is not sent to the EU.

Glyphosate

Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum, nonselective systemic herbicide used for control of annual and perennial plants including grasses, sedges, broad-leaved weeds, and woody plants. It can be used on non-cropland as well as on a great variety of crops. Glyphosate itself is an acid, but it is commonly used in salt form, most commonly the isopropylamine salt. It may also be available in acidic or trimethylsulfonium salt forms. It is generally distributed as water-soluble concentrates and powders. The information presented here refers to the technical grade of the acid form of glyphosate, unless otherwise noted.

Fenamiphos

Fenamiphos is an organophosphate nematicide used to control a wide variety of nematode (roundworm) pests. Nematodes can live as parasites on the outside or the inside of a plant. They may be free living or associated with cyst and root-knot formations in plants. Fenamiphos is used on a variety of plants including tobacco, turf, bananas, pineapples, citrus and other fruit vines, some vegetables, and grains. The compound is absorbed by roots and is then translocated throughout the plant. Fenamiphos, as is typical of other organophosphates, blocks the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the target pest. The pesticide also has secondary activity against other invertebrates such as sucking insects and spider mites. It is available in emulsifiable concentrate, granular, or emulsion formulations.

Endosulfan

Endosulfan is a cyclodiene insecticide and acaricide used in agricultural and horticultural crops for the control of a variety of insects and mites.

Endosulfan is a Restricted Chemical Product and only authorised people may use it.

Diuron

Diuron [(1,1-dimethyl, 3-(3’,4’-dichlorophenyl) urea)] is a broad-spectrum residual herbicide and algaecide used for pre and post-emergent control of both broadleaf and grass weeds in agriculture. It is also used to control weeds and algae in and around water bodies and is a component of marine antifouling paints.

Dimetridazole

Dimetridazole is a drug that combats protozoan infections. It is a nitroimidazole class drug. It has been banned by the Canadian government as a livestock feed additive.

Penicillin

Penicillin V is an antibiotic belonging to the penicillin group of drugs. It works by interfering with the formation of the bacteria's cell wall while it is growing, weakening the wall and killing the bacteria.

Penicillin V is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria, such as ear infections.

It may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

streptomycin

streptomycin , antibiotic produced by soil bacteria of the genus Streptomyces and active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (see Gram's stain ), including species resistant to other antibiotics, e.g., some streptococci, penicillin-resistant staphylococci, and bacteria of the genera Proteus and Pseudomonas. Originally isolated by Selman A. Waksman and Albert Schatz in 1947, streptomycin is effective against tubercle bacilli and is a mainstay of tuberculosis therapy. Because streptomycin-resistant tubercle bacilli emerge during treatment, the antibiotic is usually used in combination with one or more of the drugs isoniazid , ethambutol, and aminosalicylic acid. Streptomycin acts by inhibiting protein synthesis and damaging cell membranes in susceptible microorganisms. Possible side effects include injury to the kidneys and nerve damage that can result in dizziness and deafness.

Dichlorvos

Dichlorvos (2,2-dichloroethenyl dimethyl phosphate) is an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide, anthelmintic and acaricide used for agricultural and veterinary pest control.

Diazinon

Diazinon is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus (OP) insecticide used for external parasite control on sheep, cattle and companion animals. It is also used in agriculture and horticulture for the control of a variety of pests.

Chlorpyrifos

Chlorpyrifos is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus (OP) insecticide and termiticide used in agriculture, the home garden, in and around buildings, and on food-producing and domestic animals.

Carbendazim

Carbendazim (methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate) is a systemic benzimidazole fungicide used to control a broad range of diseases on cereals, fruits, cotton, tobacco, turf, ornamentals and vegetables. It is also used in post-harvest food storage, as a seed pre-planting treatment and as a timber treatment fungicide.

In addition to being a fungicide in its own right, carbendazim is a metabolite of thiophanate-methyl. Thiophanate breaks down rapidly in the environment to carbendazim and the use of thiophanate-methyl can lead to residues of carbendazim in treated commodities.

Carbaryl

Carbaryl is a carbamate insecticide used to control of pests in home garden and domestic situations, on ornamentals, lawns, fruit and vegetables and around public buildings. It is also used in the control of insects on domestic animals.

The review of carbaryl was split into two parts:

• Part 1 looked at products that are used in home garden, home veterinary, poultry and domestic situations
• Part 2 considered products used in agriculture.

Currently only Part 1 of the review has been finalised. A Preliminary Review Findings (PRF) report for Part 2 of the carbaryl review has been released and a final review report will be published after the assessment is completed.

Benomyl

Benomyl is a systemic benzimidazole fungicide formerly used in agriculture and horticulture.

Currently there are no products containing benomyl registered for use in Australia. It became illegal to supply or use products containing benomyl after 6 December 2006.

Atrazine

Atrazine is a systemic triazine herbicide which can be used both pre and post-emergence for the control of grass and broadleaf weeds in crops such as sorghum, maize, sugarcane, lupins, pine and eucalypt plantations, and triazine tolerant (TT) canola. Atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in Australian agriculture.